Potential use of hematological and acute phase protein parameters in the diagnosis of acute Schmallenberg virus infection in experimentally infected calves

The initial viraemic phase of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in bovine animals is characterized by the non-specific and inconspicuous clinical signs of pyrexia (>40 °C), drop in milk yield and sometimes diarrhea. As a result, the early detection of SBV epizootics can difficult, and typically only become apparent when the congenital form of the disease is observed. The aim of the study was to describe the course of the acute phase response and haematological findings in bovine calves following experimental SBV infection. No clinical signs except for increase in rectal temperature were observed in the calves inoculated subcutaneously with a Polish strain of SBV. Viral RNA was detected in serum at 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi). SBV antibodies were first detected by ELISA (9–21 dpi), and subsequently by virus neutralization test (14–32 dpi). The hematological parameters showed a reduction in mid-size leucocytes (MID), and also in red blood cell count (RBC). An increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin was also observed in SBV infected calves. No significant difference in acute phase proteins (APP) was observed between experimentally infected and control calves, suggesting limited potential as diagnostic biomarker of acute SBV infection.     

基于乳源性蛋白制备高F值寡肽的研究进展

乳源性蛋白属于优质蛋白，乳清蛋白中支链氨基酸含量是芳香族氨基酸的2.7 倍；水解后的酪蛋白肽及其主要氨基酸会增加水解物的抗氧化性能，在水解物中发现了大量的抗氧化肽。因此，乳清蛋白及酪蛋白作为氨基酸比例较优的乳源性蛋白，在制备生物活性肽方面有着非常广阔的开发前景。本文针对高F值寡肽的制备现状及以乳源性蛋白作为制备原料的理论可行性进行阐述，为高F值寡肽制备原料的多样化提供理论依据，增加高F值寡肽的生产来源。     

花生AhARF 基因家族鉴定与表达分析

生长素响应因子（Auxin response factor，ARF）是生长素信号转导途径中的一类重要转录因子，在种子萌 发、器官形成、果实成熟、胚胎发生等多个生长发育过程发挥作用。为了揭示花生基因组中AhARF 基因家族的特 征，本研究利用生物信息学方法从花生基因组中鉴定了62个花生AhARF 家族基因，它们不均匀分布于除1号和11 号之外的其他18条染色体上，在A和B亚基因组对应关系的染色体上数目大体相同。依据系统发生关系，62个花 生AhARFs 与拟南芥AtARFs 家族基因共同聚在除ClassIII（仅包含拟南芥AtARFs）外的其余4个分支。共线性分析共 检测到33对片段重复基因，其Ka/Ks比值均小于1，受到环境压力的纯化选择。本研究还分析了它们的理化性质、 蛋白保守结构域等特征。此外，基于22个组织转录组数据，绘制了62个花生AhARF 家族基因的表达模式热图。进 一步应用qRT-PCR方法，分析了可能与萌发相关的4个AhARF 基因（AhARF10、AhARF20、AhARF23 和AhARF46）的 时空表达模式。本研究可为种子萌发相关AhARF 基因的挖掘与功能鉴定提供基础。     

长萼堇菜叶蛋白水解物的制备及其活性分析

以长萼堇菜(Viola inconspicua Blume)为材料，优选碱提酸沉法参数，提取其叶蛋白；采用酶法制备叶蛋白水解物；利用超滤法分离叶蛋白水解物组分，分析叶蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性，并对叶蛋白水解物组分进行固相萃取脱盐、HPLC分析及其对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性和对线虫寿命影响的测试。结果表明：采用料液比、碱提pH和酸沉pH分别为1∶9、10.0和4.5的参数组合可稳定提取长萼堇菜叶蛋白；优选的3种蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶)均能有效将水解物主要酶解为相对分子质量小于3.3×103的组分，并通过超滤可有效分离出相对分子质量分别为<1×103(PH1)、1×103~<3×103(PH2)和≥3×103(PH3)的3个组分；长萼堇菜蛋白水解物中PH1组分的抗氧化活性和抑肿瘤细胞活性优于其他组分；PH1和PH2延长线虫寿命的效果相近，都优于PH3。可见，长萼堇菜叶蛋白水解物组分PH1更具应用开发价值。     

The influence of anticoagulants on the measurement of total protein concentration in equine peritoneal fluid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two commonly used anticoagulants (K3EDTA and lithium heparin) on refractometric and spectrophotometric measurement of total protein (TP) concentration in equine peritoneal fluid samples. The influence of a commercial solution of K3EDTA, a solution of K3EDTA in distilled water and lithium heparin on the refractometric and spectrophotometric (biuret) quantification of TP content in peritoneal fluid samples was assessed. Total protein concentration measured by refractometry was consistently overestimated in samples with commercial K3EDTA. The solution of K3EDTA in distilled water only caused TP overestimation at high K3EDTA concentrations (>5 micromol/ml). By contrast, lithium heparin did not influence the refractometric values of TP. Neither anticoagulant modified TP values when measured by the biuret method. In conclusion, the use of K3EDTA as anticoagulant may result in a significant overestimation of TP values of peritoneal fluid samples measured by refractometry.     

The effects of preoperative extradural bupivacaine and morphine on the stress response in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative extradural bupivacaine and morphine in attenuating the stress response in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. Animal population Twelve client-owned dogs undergoing surgery for either repair of cruciate ligament rupture (ten) or correction of luxating patella (two). Body masses ranged from 12 to 45 kg (mean: 28.58 +/- 18.38). Age ranged from 19 to 121 months (mean: 66.5 +/- 49.5). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six of the dogs received extradural bupivacaine (up to 1.5 mg kg(-1)) combined with morphine (0.1 mg kg(-1); ED) while the other six received no extradural analgesia (C). The levels of cortisol, acute phase proteins (APPs), and red and white blood cell variables were measured in both groups of dogs before, and at various times after surgery. Pain was also assessed at various times after surgery. The number of postoperative morphine doses required, and their time of administration, was recorded for each animal. Method of statistical analysis Data were analysed using anova for repeated measures with p-values of <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Cortisol levels in the ED group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the control group at the end of surgery. No statistically significant differences were found in APPs or red and white cell variables between dogs receiving, and those not receiving extradural bupivacaine and morphine. Four dogs in the control group and one in the ED group required postoperative morphine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pre-emptive extradural bupivacaine and morphine was effective in lowering the neuroendocrine stress response (cortisol) in the ED group but had no effect on the inflammatory response (acute phase response).     

碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白浸提条件的优化

该文通过中心组合设计及相应面分析.研究了碱法制各蚕蛹蛋白的浸提条件对蚕蛹蛋白浸提率的影响,得到了蚕蛹蛋白提取率的数学模型.优化了蚕蛹蛋白的浸提的条件,提高了碱法制备蚕蛹蚩白的蛋白提取率.结果表明NaOH浓度和液固比(V/m)对蛋蛹蛋白提取率影响显著(P<0.05).蚕蛹蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH浓度1.03%、液固比(V/m)70:1、没提温度50℃、NaC1浓度0.070moVL.在此最佳工艺条件下蚕蛹蛋白的实际提取率达78.69%.利用优化工艺条件制备的桑蚕蛹蛋白,其蛋白含量为96.70%,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的47.1%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.9,具有较好的应用价值.     

使用含牛源蛋白的化妆品传播vCJD的风险评估

运用风险分析理论,以科学研究为基础,同时遵循客观实际,分别从危害确认、接触评估、危害评定及风险评定几方面对含有牛源性成份的化妆品能否传播人类变异型克雅氏症的风险进行了科学评估。结果认为,由于化妆品直接与皮肤接触,而朊蛋白可以被身体许多部位吸收,所以含有牛源性蛋白的化妆品是一个潜在的暴露源,使用含牛源性蛋白的化妆品存在感染人类变异型克雅氏症的风险。然而,由于风险评估中存在许多重要的变数,因而存在许多不确定性,关于发生该病的风险所做的任何定量评估都不是很准确的,防止疯牛病病原通过化妆品传播的最可靠的做法就是化妆品生产中禁止使用高风险性牛源蛋白。     

布鲁氏菌表面抗原研究进展

布鲁氏菌表面最主要的抗原是脂多糖(LPS)和外膜蛋白(OMPs),R-LPS是R型布鲁氏菌主要的表面抗原,S型布鲁氏菌的S-LPS已被证明是一个主要的毒力因子,它的O链部分含有布鲁氏菌表面绝大多数的抗原位点,是一个很重要的保护性抗原;OMPs被认为是布鲁氏菌表面潜在的抗原结构,在光滑型布鲁氏菌表面,由于OMPs受到了LPS-O链的干扰,致使它的抗原性没有充分地表现出来,但在绵羊布鲁氏菌表面却出现了不同的情况。未来几年,对OMPs的研究将成为该领域的热点,尤其是对Omp25突变体的研究。     

体外氧化μ-钙激活酶对牛肉肌原纤维蛋白降解的影响

在体外,将μ-钙激活酶用不同浓度的氧化剂(0μmol·L-1H2O2+0μmol·L-1Fe2+、300μmol·L-1H2O2+600μmol·L-1 Fe2+、400μmol·L-1 H2O2+800μmol·L-1 Fe2+、500μmol·L-1 H2O2+1 000μmol·L-1 Fe2+)氧化,并用其孵育分离纯化的牛肉肌原纤维蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析氧化的μ-钙激活酶对肌原纤维蛋白降解的影响。结果表明:随着氧化剂浓度的升高,μ-钙激活酶降解肌间线蛋白和肌钙蛋白T的能力减弱,同时相对分子质量为30×103肌钙蛋白T降解的产物减少。表明,μ-钙激活酶的氧化抑制其对部分肌原纤维蛋白的降解。